Shell

It can be used to break out from restricted environments by spawning an interactive system shell.

This invokes the default pager, which is likely to be less, other functions may apply.

dmesg -H
!/bin/sh

File read

It reads data from files, it may be used to do privileged reads or disclose files outside a restricted file system.

This is not suitable for binary files.

LFILE=file_to_read
dmesg -rF "$LFILE"

Sudo

If the binary is allowed to run as superuser by sudo, it does not drop the elevated privileges and may be used to access the file system, escalate or maintain privileged access.

This invokes the default pager, which is likely to be less, other functions may apply.

sudo dmesg -H
!/bin/sh